A study from 2010 on New York City students reveals that middle schoolers (6th to 8th graders) experience a decline in learning, belonging, and self-esteem compared to their peers in K-8 schools. The research shows that the transition to middle school negatively impacts students’ sense of belonging, which continues to decrease through 7th and 8th grades before stabilizing in high school. Parents of these students also perceive a drop in educational quality and school safety. This shift in sentiment might be linked to the transition from collective to distinct identities as students move from elementary to middle school. The study highlights the critical role of school structure in student development and well-being.
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